What is the extent of impact on one’s hearing due to prolonged exposure to loud music?

My 24 son likes to listen to music using his earphones. To top things off, he usually increases the volume so loudly to the extent that I can clearly hear the songs he’s listening to. Will this have any negative impact on his hearing? Is there anything I can do to perhaps convince him not to listen to music so loudly? Do you have any tip when it comes to choosing a good set of earphones?

Dr Stephen Lee, Specialist in Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery & Consultant, Raffles ENT Centre

Loud music or noise, if set at really high decibel levels and listened to for long duration, will create temporary shifts of hearing thresholds. The extent of decrease in hearing ability at the temporary level will be proportionate to the intensity of the sound and the duration for which the noise exposure occurs. If temporary shift of hearing continues without allowing for a period of recovery, it will eventually lead to permanent loss of hearing.

To convince your child not to listen to music loudly on his earphones can be really difficult. Different methods will be needed for different kids depending on their character and temperament. For some kids, educating them on the problems may be effective. Explain why it affects their hearing ability, and what impact this will have on them. Perhaps, even mention that in the future, they may not be able to enjoy music as much. This may work, because they obviously like to listen to music.

For other kids, it may require a harder line disciplinary type approach.

As of yet, there has not been any case of youths/patients losing their hearing due to listening of loud music. However, this is possible that hearing loss can be little or insignificant as it is not severe yet, or the teen does not regard it as a problem. It can still happen and not be noticed.

Tips for buying earphones and when using one

There is no study from a medical viewpoint determining specific advantages or disadvantages for using ear phones. So any advice can be quite subjective.

1. Keep audio levels of your earphones low. If it is near 100db, you should not even be listening to it for a minute as it is damaging to your ears. However, if you’re tuning in to a level that is around conversational voice levels, it should be safe to use for about 2 hours. Given that the earphones are only 1.5cm away from your ear drums, the loudness of the music is definitely more damaging than listening to a speaker 2 metres away.

2. Look for portability and this depends on the size and weight among other things. A good fit is presumed to control noise levels and sound leakage better. It also prevents unnecessary irritation to the person standing next to you.

3. Look for sound isolating ear phones which may cut down external ambient noise, thus reducing the actual sound levels you are listening to.

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